Exploring English Learners’ Engagement in Community Discussions on a Social Media Platform

Abstract

Most studies have demonstrated that social media plays a significant role in facilitating the development of informal language learning. In recent years, social media has become more than just a medium for entertainment; it is also a space where individuals discuss, share ideas, and learn from each other. This study aims to identify the types of English-related discussions that occur on X (formerly Twitter) and to examine how these interactions affect learners’ behavioural, cognitive, and emotional engagement in informal language learning. Analysis was conducted on 15 selected tweets discussing English topics, specifically those involving replies and ongoing conversations. A qualitative case study approach was used because it is appropriate for exploring social phenomena in a natural digital context. The X platform was chosen because it enables spontaneous and realistic language practice in everyday situations. Data were collected through observation and interviews with two participants who actively use X to learn English. The findings show that EFL learners share expressions, idioms, and slang to be used directly in everyday communication, indicating behavioural engagement. They also exchange learning tips (cognitive engagement) and provide support to each other (emotional engagement). These interactions create an informal learning environment that fosters language development and self-confidence. The findings recommend that English teachers consider utilizing social media, especially X, as a means to encourage students to learn contextually and actively outside the classroom. In this way, learning becomes more relevant, enjoyable, and aligned with today's students' digital habits.